LINKS
General References
The treaty from the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 that began the global process of addressing climate change. The treaty has been signed by 189 nations from around the world.
History, background and text of the protocol. 162 countries have ratified the protocol to date. The U.S., the largest greenhouse gas emitter per capita and the largest single greenhouse gas emitting country, has failed to ratify.
http://unfccc.int/essential_background/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php
Reviews of dozens of articles, mostly peer reviewed, on various aspects of climate change.
http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/newsandeventsScienceandPolicyNews.html
Founded in 1990 by George Bush Senior, over of global climate initiates of the following agencies: Agency for International Development, Dept. of Agriculture, Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Oceanic & Atmospheric Admin., Dept. of Defense, Dept. of Energy, Dept. of Health, and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Dept. of State, Dept. of Transportation, Dept. of the Interior, US Geological Survey, Environmental Protection Agency, National Aeronautics & Space Administration, National Science Foundation, Smithsonian Institution.
http://www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/default.htm
An excellent referenced website on global warming and rapid climate change. Courtesy of the Center for History of Physics of the American Institute of Physics. Discovery of Global Warming site created by Spencer Weart with support from the American Institute of Physics, the National Science Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.
http://www.aip.org/history/climate/index.html
Links to some of the most important climate change papers of the last two decades. WILLIAM H. CALVIN, Ph.D., is a theoretical neurobiologist, Affiliate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Washington in Seattle.
http://williamcalvin.com/bookshelf/climate.htm
The definitive resource for world population data.
http://www.un.org/popin/wdtrends.htm
Established by NASA as a national information and referral center. University of Colorado Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Affiliate of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Geophysical Data Center
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
Fromt he Climate Change Research Division of the US Department of Energy
http://cdiac.ornl.gov/pns/reftools.html
Population Data assembled by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University; and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). 2005. Gridded Population of the World Version 3 (GPWv3). Palisades, NY: Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC), Columbia University.
http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw/global.jsp
Katrina satellite imagery. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Geodetic Survey.
http://ngs.woc.noaa.gov/katrina/KATRINA0000.HTM
Information from the Union of Concerned Scientists on scientific integrity in the Bush Administration - two major topics: Restoring Scientific Integrity in Policymaking: A Statement of Concern and Scientific Integrity and the Endangered Species Act.
http://www.ucsusa.org/scientific_integrity/
http://jwocky.gsfc.nasa.gov/eptoms/dataqual/ozone.html
http://www.hurricane.com/hurricane-records.php
http://fermi.jhuapl.edu/avhrr/gm/averages/06apr/gm_06apr05_2307_mult.png
SSTs NHC
Climate Science From Climate Scientists. This is basically a peer reviewed website devoted to debunking contrarian theory, non-science and otherwise un-scientifically persuaded arguments. Some of the greatest scientists alive contribute to this site, always with copious references.
NASAs Hurricane Resource Page
http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/hurricane_2005.html
NOAA Geodetic Survey Satellite Imagery
http://www.nnvl.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/index.cgi?page=events&category=Year%202005%20Storm%20Events
Snow Cover
The MODIS Snow and Ice Global Mapping Project
http://modis-snow-ice.gsfc.nasa.gov/snow.html
Climate Change Simulations
Earth's Energy Imbalance Simulations
Efficacy of Cllimate Forcings Simulations
GISS Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Model (AOM-GR)
Earth Observations
Temperature
GISS Surface Air Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP)
Common Sense Climate Index (CSCI)
Clouds
International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP)
GEWEX Cloud System Study Data Integration for Model Evaluation (GCSS-DIME)
Aerosols
Global Aerosol Climatology Project (GACP)
Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) V6.20
Photopolarimetry Measurements of Aerosols (RSP-Air)
Precipitation
Observed Land Surface Precipitation Data: 1850-1995 (GISS/Dai)
Observed Land Surface Precipitation Data: 1901-2000 (CRU TS 2.0)
Radiative Flux
ISCCP Global surface and atmospheric radiative fluxes
Surface solar irradiance: Datasets produced for SeaWiFS
Oceans
Global Seawater Oxygen-18 Database
Storms
Atlas of Extratropical Storm Tracks
Radiation
Electromagnetic and Light Scattering by Small Particles
Solar Irradiance Research Network: MFRSR Measurements
Climate Forcings
Forcings in GISS SI 2002 Climate Model
Surface exchange of carbon dioxide
Astrophysics
Molecular collision rates relevant to microwave and IR astronomy
NOAA Climate Reconstructions http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/recons.html
Air Temperature, Global and Hemispheric
Global and Hemispheric Temperature, NAO, and SOI (Review), 2000 Years, Jones and Mann 2004.
Global Temperature (PCA: Tree-rings, Ice Cores, Corals, Sediments, Historical), 1000 Years, Jones et al. 1998
Global Temperature (PCA: Tree-rings, Ice Cores, Corals) and Spatial Distribution, 600 Years, Mann et al. 2000.
Global Temperature (PCA: Tree-rings, Ice Cores, Corals, Historical), 600 Years, Mann et al. 1998.
Global Temperature (Glacier Length), 400 Years, Oerlemans 2005
Global Temperature (Geothermal Heat Flow Analysis: Boreholes), 500 Years, Pollack et al. 1998.
Vostok Temperature, (Isotopes: Ice Core) 414,000 Years, Petit et al. 1999.
Northern Hemisphere & Regional Temperature (Age Band Decomp.: Tree-rings), 600 Years, Briffa et al. 2001.
Northern Hemisphere Temperature (Regression: Tree-rings), 600 Years, Briffa et al. 1998.
Northern Hemisphere Temperature (Tree-rings, Ice Cores, Historical), 1000 Years, Crowley & Lowery 2000.
Northern Hemisphere Temperature (RCS: Tree-rings), 1000 Years, Esper et al. 2002.
Northern Hemisphere Temperature (Boreholes, Tree-ring, Ice Cores, Corals), 500 Years, Huang 2004.
Hemispheric Temperature, NAO, and SOI (Review), 1000 Years, Jones et al. 2001.
Northern Hemisphere Temperature (PCA: Tree-rings, Ice Cores, Corals), 1000 Years, Mann et al. 1999.
Hemispheric Temperature (Historical, Tree-rings, Ice Cores, Sediment), 2000 Years, Mann and Jones 2003.
Northern Hemisphere Temperature (Wavelet: Sediments, Tree-rings), 2000 Years, Moberg et al. 2005.
Northern Hemisphere Temperature, Warm/Cold Spatial Extent , 1,200 Years, Osborn and Briffa 2006.
Northern Hemisphere Temperature (Review/Comparison), 600 Years, Rutherford et al. 2005.
Local and Regional
Arctic Temperature, 400 Years, Overpeck et al. 1997
China Temperature, 2000 Years, Yang et al. 2002.
East China Winter Temperature, 2000 Years, Ge et al. 2003.
Beijing, China Temperature, 2650 Years, Tan et al. 2003.
Yamal Peninsula, western Siberia, Summer Temperature, 4000 Years, Hantemirov and Shiyatov 2002.
Kathmandu, Nepal, Pre- and Post- Monsoon Temperature, 550 Years, Cook et al. 2003.
New Zealand Temperature, 270 Years, Xiong and Palmer 2000.
Tasmania Temperature, 3600 Years, Cook et al. 2000
Lake Malawi, East Africa Surface Temperature, 25,000 Years, Powers et al. 2005.
European Gridded and Regional Summer Temperature and Data Visualization, 225 Years, Briffa 1988.
European Alps Temperature and Precipitation Reconstructions, 500 Years, Casty et al. 2005.
Central Alps Temperature, 2,000 Years, Mangini et al. 2005.
Burgundy Spring-Summer Temperature, 630 Years, Chuine et al. 2004.
Northern Coastal Norway Temperature, 650 Years, Kirchhefer 2001
Greenland Temperature, 49,000 Years, Alley 2000
Baffin Island Summer Temperature, 500 Years, Hughen et al. 2000.
Baffin Island Summer Temperature, 1200 Years, Moore et al. 2001.
Northwest Canada Temperature, 350 Years, Szeicz et al. 1995.
Gulf of Alaska March-May, March-Sept., and April-Sept. Temperature, 400 Years, Wiles et al. 1998.
USA Pacific Northwest Temperature, 250 Years, Wiles et al. 1996.
Southern Colorado Plateau Temperature Reconstruction, 2,262 Years, Salzer and Kipfmueller 2005.
Western N. America Gridded and Regional Summer Temperature and Data Visualization, 400 Years, Briffa et al. 1992.
Large Scale North American Temperature and Precipitation , Description, and Data Visualization, 400 Years, Fritts 1991.
Hydroclimate
NOAA/NESDIS North American Drought Variability project (includes Tree-ring reconstructed PDSI).
U.S. PDSI, text or Mircosoft Excel, and Data Visualization, 280 Years, Zhang et al. 2004.
East Africa Drought, 1100 Years, Verschuren et al. 2000.
Western U.S. Drought Area Index, 1200 Years, Cook et al. 2004.
U.S. Drought Area Index, 270 Years, Cook et al. 1997.
Southwest US Drought Index, 570 Years, Cook unpublished data.
East USA Lost Colony/Jamestown Droughts, 800 Years, Stahle et al. 1998.
North American PDSI, 2000 Years, Cook et al. 2004.
North American Great Plains Drought, 2300 Years, Laird et al. 1996.
North American Great Plains Drought, 11,000 Years, Laird et al. 1996.
Eastern Colorado PDSI, 440 Years, Woodhouse et al. 2001.
Texas PDSI, 280 Years, Stahle and Cleaveland 1988.
Northeastern Utah PDSI, 600 Years, Gray et al. 2003.
Northern California and Nevada Multicentennial Droughts, 7600 Years, Benson et al. 2002.
Central American Drought and the Classic Maya Civilization, 9700 Years, Hodell et al. 1995.
Upper Mississippi Basin Aridity, 10,000 Years, Dean et al. 1997.
A Paleo Perspective on North American Drought
Precipitation
East African Precipitation 40,000 Years, Bonnefille and Chalié 2000.
Huashuan, China Precipitation, 400 Years, Hughes et al. 1994.
Mongolia Riverflow and Precipitation Reconstructions, 350 Years, Pederson et al. 2001.
Turkey Precipitation 350 Years, D'Arrigo and Cullen 2001.
Southwest Turkey Precipitation 660 Years, Touchan et al. 2003.
Bavarian Forest Spring-Summer Precipitation, 500 Years, Wilson et al. 2005.
Scotland Precipitation, 3600 Years, Proctor et al. 2002.
Scotland Precipitation, 1000 Years, Proctor et al. 2000.
Southern Manitoba precipitation reconstruction, 595 Years, St. George and Nielsen 2002.
Northeast USA Little Ice Age Precipitation, 2000 Years, Gajewski 1988.
Montpelier Plantation, Virginia Precipitation, 180 Years, Druckenbrod et al. 2003.
Southeast USA Precipitation and PDSI reconstructions, 1000 Years, Stahle and Cleaveland 1992.
Iowa Precipitation and PDSI reconstructions, 340 Years, Cleaveland and Duvick 1992.
Missouri Precipitation and PDSI reconstructions, 400 Years, Cleaveland and Stahle 1996.
Eastern Oregon Precipitation and PDSI, 300 Years, Garfin and Hughes 1997.
Glacier National Park Mean Summer Deficit, 460 Years, Pederson et al. 2006.
Bighorn Basin Wyoming/Montana Precipitation, 739 Years, Gray et al. 2004.
Uinta Basin, Utah Precipitation, 775 Years, Gray et al. 2004.
El Malpais, New Mexico Precipitation, 2129 Years, Grissino 1996.
Arizona and New Mexico Climate Division Precipitation, 1000 Years, Ni et al. 2002.
Southern Colorado Plateau Precipitation Reconstruction, 1,425 Years, Salzer and Kipfmueller 2005.
Nevada Precipitation, 8000 Years, Hughes and Graumlich 1996.
Large Scale North American Temperature and Precipitation , Description, and Data Visualization, 400 Years, Fritts 1991.
Durango, Mexico precipitation reconstruction, 610 Years, Cleaveland et al. 2003.
Chihuahua, Mexico precipitation reconstruction, 350 Years, Díaz et al. 2002.
Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico, precipitation reconstruction, 220 Years, Pohl et al. 2003.
Streamflow
Burdekin River, Australia Streamflow, 350 Years, Isdale et al. 1998.
Colorado River and tributaries flow, Text or Microsoft Excel format, 500 Years, Stockton and Jacoby 1976.
Sacramento River, California flow reconstruction, 1109 Years, Meko et al. 2001.
Yellowstone River, Montana flow reconstruction, 270 Years, Graumlich et al. 2003.
TreeFlow Project - Tree Ring Reconstructions of Streamflow for Colorado
Clear Creek Colorado Annual Flow Reconstruction, 300 Years, Woodhouse 2000.
Middle Boulder Creek Colorado Flow Reconstruction, 280 Years, Woodhouse 2001.
White River, Arkansas flow reconstruction, 963 Years, Cleaveland 2000.
White River, Arkansas flow reconstruction, 280 Years, Cleaveland and Stahle 1989.
Chesapeake Bay Salinity reconstructions, text or Excel format, 550 Years, Cronin et al. 2000.
Michigan Water Table Depth Reconstruction, 3,500 Years, Booth and Jackson 2003.
Gunnison River Basin Snow Water Equivalent Reconstruction, 430 Years, Woodhouse 2003.
San Francisco Bay Salinity reconstructions, 390 Years, Stahle et al. 2001.
Caribbean Sea Salinity reconstructions, 130,000 Years, Schmidt et al. 2004.
Northern England Peatland Water Table, 4800 Years, Charman 2000.
Atmospheric Circulation Patterns
Pacific Decadal Oscillation, 330 Years, Biondi et al. 2001.
Pacific Decadal Oscillation, 300 Years, D'Arrigo et al. 2001.
Niño 3 Index, 575 Years, Cook unpublished.
Niño 3 Index and Description, 330 Years, Mann et al. 2000.
El Niño Events, 500 Years, Quinn and Neal 1983.
Southern Oscillation Index, 270 Years, Stahle et al. 1998.
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation Index, 420 Years, Gray et al. 2004.
Arctic Oscillation Warm Season SAT and SLP Indices, 325 Years, D'Arrigo et al. 2003.
North Atlantic Oscillation Index, 600 Years, Cook et al. 2002.
North Atlantic Oscillation Index, 280 Years, Cook et al. 1998.
North Atlantic Oscillation Index, 550 Years, Glueck and Stockton 2001.
North Atlantic Oscillation Index, 500 Years, Luterbacher et al. 2002.
North Atlantic Oscillation Index, Southern Oscillation Index, 1000 Years, Jones et al. 2001.
Eastern North Atlantic-European Sea Level Pressure Reconstruction, 500 Years, Luterbacher et al. 2002.
Increase in the Asian SW Monsoon During the Past Four Centuries, 400 Years, Anderson et al. 2002.
Sea Surface Temperature
Global LGM SST and Description, 18,000 YBP, Mix et al. 1999.
Global Sea Surface Temperature, Holocene/Modern, Bollmann et al. 2002.
Global Gridded LGM Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity, Description, and Data Visualization, 18,000 Years Before Present, Paul and Schäfer-Neth 2003.
Global Gridded LGM Sea Surface Temperature, Description, and Data Visualization, 18,000 YBP, Hostetler and Mix 1999.
Global CLIMAP LGM Sea Surface Temperature, 18,000 Years Before Present, CLIMAP Members 1981.
Pacific SST Reconstructions and Description, 400 Years, Evans et al. 2002.
Eastern Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperature, 1,830,000 Years, Liu and Herbert 2004.
Southwest Pacific Sea Surface Temperature, 340,000 Years, Pahnke et al. 2003.
Southwest Pacific LGM Sea Surface Temperature and Description, 18,000 YBP, Barrows et al. 2000.
Equatorial Pacific Sea Surface Temperature, 470,000 Years, Lea et al. 2000.
Western Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperature, 1,750,000 Years, de Garidal-Thoron et al. 2005
Western Tropical Pacific SST and Salinity, text or Excel format, 15,000 Years, Stott et al. 2004.
Okinawa Trough SST, 18,000 Years, Sun et al. 2005
South China Sea Alkenone Deglacial SST Estimates, 3,000-16,000 Years Before Present, Kienast et al. 2001
South China Sea Coral Sr Data and SST Reconstruction, 100 Years, Sun et al. 2004
California Current Collapse, LGM, 18,000 Years Before Present, Herbert et al. 2001
Strait of Juan de Fuca SST, 155 Years, Strom et al. 2004
Rarotonga Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction, 270 Years, Linsley et al. 2000.
Southern Peru-Chile Current Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction, 8,000 Years, Lamy et al. 2002.
Southeast Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction, 70,000 years, Kaiser et al. 2005.
Southern Peru-Chile Current Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction, 50 KyrBP-8 KYr BP, Lamy et al. 2004.
Great Barrier Reef Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction, 440 Years, Wörheide 1998.
Vanuatu Sea Surface Temperature, 4200 Years Before Present, Correge et al. 2000.
Subtropical Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature, 23,000 Years, deMenocal et al. 2000.
Cariaco Basin Sea Surface Temperature, 25,000 Years, Lea et al. 2003.
North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature, 107,000 Years, Bard 2002.
Equatorial Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature and Description, 30,000 Years, Sikes and Keigwin 1994.
Equatorial and North Atlantic SST and Description, 125,000 Years, Waelbroeck et al. 1998.
Chesapeake Bay Spring Temperature, 2,200 Years, Cronin et al. 2003.
Northeast Caribbean Sea Surface Temperature, 1,950 Years, Nyberg et al. 2002.
Northeast Caribbean Sea Surface Temperature, 300 Years, Winter et al. 2000.
Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature, 171,000 Years, Bard et al. 1997.
Southern Ocean Sea Surface Temperature, 200,000 Years, Brathauer et al. 1999.
Southern Ocean Sea Surface Temperature, 290,000 Years, Mashiotta et al. 1999.
Earth Surface Conditions
North American Vegetation, 18,000 Years Before Present, Overpeck et al. 1992.
European Vegetation (BIOME6000), 6000 Years Before Present, Prentice et al. 1996.
Global Ice Topography, 21,000 Years, Peltier 1994.
Global Ice Coverage, 21,000 Years, Peltier 1994.
Global Relative Sea Level Histories, 21,000 Years, Peltier and Tushingham 1992.
Tahiti Relative Sea Level History, 13,000 Years, Bard et al. 1996.
Southwest Pacific pH, 300 Years, Pelejero et al. 2005.
Miscellaneous
"Climate Since AD 1500" Collected reconstructions, 500 Years, Bradley and Jones 1992.
